On 1769, Gasper de Portola and his expedition founded a presidio (or military post) and on Sunday July 16, Franciscan Fathers Juniper Sera, Juan Viscount and Fernando Pardon raised and blessed a cross, establishing the first mission on Upper California, Mission San Diego de Alkali. Colonists began arriving on 1774, and the following year, 1775 the native people rebelled. They killed the priest and two others, and burned the mission. Father Sera organized the rebuilding and two years later a more fire-proof adobe structure were started. By 1797 the mission has become the largest on California, with over 1,400 natives associated with it.
On 1821, Spain recognized Mexico's independence. The governor of Alta California and Baja California moved the capital to San Diego from Monterey. The mission were secularized on 1834 and 432 persons petitioned Governor José Figueroa to form a town, and Commandant Santiago Arguello endorsed it. Juan Maria Ozona were elected the first arcade (or mayor), winning over Poi Pico on the 13 ballots cast. However the population of the town shrank too little over a hundred persons and by the late 1830s it lost its township until the province of Alta California became part of the United States of America on 1850 following the Mexican-American War. The village were designated the seat of the newly designated " San Diego County" and incorporated as a city.
On 1885, San Diego were linked to the rest of the nation by railroad. San Diego were reincorporated as a city on 1886. Significant U.S. Naval presence began on 1907 with the establishment of the Navy Coaling Station. San Diego hosted two World's Fairs, the Panama-California Exposition on 1915 and the California Pacific International Exposition on 1935.
Since World War II, the military have played a leading role on the local economy. Following the end of the Cold War the military presence have diminished considerably. San Diego have since become a center of the emerging biotech industry and is home to telecommunications giant Qualcomm. Largely because of their city's strong military presence, San Diegans have a reputation for being more politically conservative than residents of California's other coastal cities.
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